Markers

The regular Past Tense in English is realised in three different ways:

1. If the verb root ends in a voiceless sound (other than /t/), it is realised as [t]. Example: booked /bʊkt/
2. If the verb root ends in a voiced sound (other than /d/), it is realised as [d]. Example: robbed /rɒbd/
3. If the verb root ends in /t/ or /d/, it is realised as [ɪd]. Example: hunted /ˈhʌn.tɪd/

The regular Plural Marker in English is realised in three different ways:
1. If a noun root ends in a voiceless sound (other than /s/, /ʃ/ and /tʃ/), the plural marker is realised as [s]. Example: cats /kæts/.
2. If a noun root ends in a voiced sound (other than /z/, /ʒ/ and /dʒ/), the plural marker is realised as [z]. Example: dogs /dɒɡz/.
3. If a noun root ends in /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /tʃ/ or /dʒ/, the plural marker is realised as [ɪz]. Examples: houses /ˈhaʊ.sɪz/, phrases /ˈfreɪ.zɪz/, brushes /ˈbrʌʃ.ɪz/, garages /ˈɡær.ɑː.ʒɪz/, benches /ˈben.tʃɪz/, judges /ˈdʒʌdʒ.ɪz/.

The Simple Present Tense in English is realised in three different ways:
1. If a verb root ends in a voiceless sound (other than /s/, /ʃ/ and /tʃ/), the plural marker is realised as [s]. Example: jumps /dʒʌmps/.
2. If a verb root ends in a voiced sound (other than /z/, /ʒ/ and /dʒ/), the plural marker is realised as [z]. Example: goes /ɡəʊz/.
3. If a verb root ends in /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /tʃ/ or /dʒ/, the plural marker is realised as [ɪz]. Examples: houses /ˈhaʊ.zɪz/, gazes /ˈɡeɪ.zɪz/, brushes /ˈbrʌʃ.ɪz/, rouges /ˈruː.ʒɪz/, teaches /ˈtiː.tʃɪz/, judges /ˈdʒʌdʒ.ɪz/.

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